Prefixes and Suffixes
English
10 Ağustos 2018 - Türkiye
Common Prefixes
A prefix is a group of letters placed before the root of a word. For example, the word “unhappy” consists of the prefix “un-“ [which means “not”] combined with the root word “happy”; the word “unhappy” means “not happy.”
Some Common Prefixes:
PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLES
- a- not, without achromatic, asymmetric, asymptomatic, atyptical
- ab- away, from abduct, abnormal
- acro- high or top acrobat, acronym, acrophobia
- ambi- both ambidextrous, ambiguous, ambivalence
- amphi- both, on two sides amphibian, amphitheater
- ante- before anterior, antediluvian (before the flood)
- anti- against, opposite antibody, antisocial, antifreeze, antivirus
- aqua- water aquamarine, aquarium
- arch- highest, worst archangel, archenemy, archetype
- astro- star astrology, astronomer, astrophysics
- auto- self autobiography, automatic, automobile, autonomy
- be- covered with, equipped with bedazzle, bedevil, bewitch
- bi- two biannual, bicycle, bifocals, bisect, bivalve, biweekly
- bio- life biology, biography
- centi- one hundredth, hundred centigrade, centimeter, centipede
- co- with, joint coordinate, cooperate, co-worker
- com- with, together combine, command, commend
- con- with, together concord, condemn, condescend, confide, conserve
- contra- against, opposite contradict
- counter- against, in opposition to counteract, counterclockwise, - - - counterpart, counterproductive
- de- from, down, away reverse, opposite decode, decrease, deflate, degenerate, depress
- dec- ten decade, decathlon, December
- deci- one tenth deciliter, decimal, decimate
- demi- half demigod, demilune, demitasse
- di- two dicot, dioxide
- dia- across, between, through diagnose, diagonal, dialogue, dialect, diameter
- dis- not, opposite, reverse, away disagree, disallow, disarray, disconnect, disloyal, disrespect
- dodeca- twelve dodecahedron
- dorm- sleep dormant, dormitory
- ec- out of, outside eclectic, eclipse
- eco- relating to the economy or the environment ecology, economics, ecosphere
- en- to make into, to put into encrypt, enmesh
- em- to make into, to put into empower
- epi- above, upon, in addition epicenter, epidemic, epidermis, epigraph, episode, epitome
- equi- equal equidistant, equilateral, equinox
- ex- out of, away from, lacking, former exceed, exclusive, exhale, explosion, ex-wife
- extra- beyond extracurricular, extraordinary, extrapolate
- exo- external, outside of exoskeleton, exosphere
- fin- end final, finale, finish
- fore- before forearm, forecast, forerunner, foresee
- geo- earth geocentric, geography, geology, geometry
- giga- billion, giant gigabyte
- hemi- half hemisphere
- hemo- blood hemophilia, hemorrhage
- hept- seven heptagon
- hex-/hexa- six hexagon, hexahedron, hexapod
- hydro- water hydrocarbon, hydroelectric, hydrofoil, hydrology
- hyper- above hyperactive, hyperbole, hyperthermia
- hypo- below hypodermic, hypoglycemia, hypothermia
- il- not illegal, illogical
- im- not, without impossible, improper, impure
- in- not, without inaction, incapable, invisible
- inter- between, among interact, interchange, interstate
- ir- not irregular, irrelevant, irradiate
- iso- equal isobar, isosceles
- macro- huge macrobiotic, macroscopic
- magn- great magnify, magnanimous, magnificent, magnum
- mal- bad malady, malicious, malnourished
- mega- great, million megaphone, megabyte, megalomania, megalopolis, megaton
- micro- tiny, one millionth microcosm, micrometer, microscope, microwave
- mid- middle midlife, midnight
- milli- one thousandth, thousand milliliter, millimeter, millipede
- mini- small minicam, miniskirt
- mis- bad, wrong misinform, misinterpret, mislead, misplace, mistake
- mono- one monocle, monologue, monopoly, monorail, monotone
- multi- many, much multifaceted, multilingual, multinational, multitudes
- nano- one billionth nanosecond, nanometer
- neo- new neolithic, neonate, neophyte
- non- not nondescript, nonexistent, nonfat, nonfiction, nonsense
- nona- nine nonagon
- nov- new nova, novel, novice
- oct- eight octagon, octave, octopus
- out- better, beyond outbound, outcome, outpost, outrun
- omni- all, every omnipotent, omniscient, omnivorous
- over- excessive overcoat, overcome, overdo, overeat, overpass, overreact, overtime, overwork
- para- beside, beyond, distinct from paradox, paragraph, parallel, paramedic, paranormal, paraphrase
- ped- foot pedal, pedestrian, pedigree, peduncle
- penta- five pentagon, pentameter, pentathlon
- per- through, completely percent, percussion, perfect, perturb, pervade
- peri- around perihelion, periscope, perimeter
- philo- love philanthropy, philosophy
- photo- light photograph, photosynthesis, photon
- pod- foot podiatry, podium
- poly- many polyglot, polyhedron, polygon, polymer, polymorphous
- post- after postpone, postoperative
- pre- before prefix, preheat, prehistory, premature
- pro- for, forward, before proactive, produce, profess, program, progress, propel
- proto- first protocol, protoplasm, prototype
- pseudo- false pseudonym, pseudoscience
- pyro- fire pyroclastic, pyromaniac, pyrotechnics
- quadr- four quadrangle, quadratic, quadruple, quadruplet
- quasi- almost, partly quasiparticle
- quint- five quintet, quintuplet
- re- again, back react, reappear, reform, report, rerun, retrieve, revert, revise
- retro- backwards retrograde, retrospect
- semi- half, partial semiannual, semicircle
- sept- seven septillion
- sub- below, under submarine, submerge, substandard
- suf- before, beyond, from under suffix, suffocate, suffuse
- super- over, beyond superintendent, supersonic, supervisor, superpower
- sur- above, beyond surface, surreal, surrender
- sym- together symbiosis, symbol, symmetry, symphony
- tele- from afar telegraph, telephone, telepathy, telescope
- tetra- four tetrahedron
- therm- heat thermal, thermometer, thermostat
- trans- across transatlantic, transcribe, transfer, transform
- tri- three triangle, triathlon, tricycle, trilateral
- ultra- beyond ultramarine, ultraviolet
- un- against, not, opposite unable, undo, unequal, unusual, untie
- under- below, insufficient underachieve, underfed, underground, underpass
- uni- one unicycle, uniform, universe
- up- greater, higher upgrade, uplift, upturn
- with- against withdraw, withhold, without, withstand
Common Suffixes
A suffix is a group of letters placed after the root of a word. For example, the word flavorless consists of the root word “flavor” combined with the suffix “-less” [which means “without”]; the word “flavorless” means “having no flavor.”
Some Common Suffixes:
SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLES
- -able able to, having the quality of capable, comfortable, flammable, payable, portable, presentable, taxable
- -acy state or quality lunacy, privacy
- -age action or process, rank, fee, place drainage, orphanage, leverage, marriage, mileage, peerage, postage, spillage, suffrage, village, voyage, wreckage
- -al relating to annual, arrival, comical, disposal, educational, historical, refusal , regional, rehearsal, reversal, social, tidal
- -an related to Lutheran, Ohioan
- -ance state or quality of, denoting an action allegiance, appearance, perseverance, maintenance, utterance
- -ant being arrogant, deodorant, expectant, important, miscreant, propellant
- -ary like, connected with adversary, budgetary, dictionary, dignitary, honorary, library, primary
- -ate denoting a group or status, or forming an adjective electorate, duplicate, mandate, separate
- -ation denoting an action or an instance of exploration, hesitation, plantation
- -cide to kill homocide, insecticide
- -ence state or quality of, denoting an action impertinence, reference, reminiscence
- -ent being or state, occurance of an action coefficient, convenient, dissident, student
- -er comparative, a person performing an action bigger, foreigner, philosopher, smaller, stronger, voter
- -esque reminiscent of arabesque, grotesque, picturesque, statuesque
- -est superlative strongest, tiniest, widest
- -ful full of beautiful, grateful, hopeful, peaceful, sorrowful, watchful, wishful
- -fy producing, transforming or causing deify, horrify, speechify
- -graph written autograph, paragraph, photograph, seismograph
- -ian forming an adjective antediluvian, Christian, guardian, historian, Russian
- -ible capable of being audible, edible, potable, reversible, terrible
- -ic relating to aquatic, chronic, fantastic, Islamic, lyric, mechanic, scenic, tactic
- -ier denoting an occupation or interest cashier, glazier
- -ile tending to fragile, futile, juvenile, percentile, senile
- -ily forming an adverb angrily, eerily, happily, lazily
- -ing denoting an action, a material, or a gerund acting, eating, padding, showing
- -ish having the characteristics of, somewhat boyish, peckish, selfish, Spanish
- -ism a belief or practice activism, baptism, hypnotism, racism
- -ist one that does Buddhist, cellist, dentist, feminist, florist, scientist
- -itis an inflammatory disease arthritis, laryngitis, tonsillitis
- -ive tending to, having the nature of active, cooperative, corrosive, sensitive, supportive
- -ize to make or become, to treat in a manner demonize, fossilize, pasteurize, carbonize
- -less without, not affected by clueless, endless, fearless, flavorless, friendless, sleepless, tireless
- -ly forming an adjective clearly, closely, hourly
- -ment the results of an action amusement, entertainment, excitement, treatment
- -ness denoting a state or condition kindness, sadness, wilderness
- -oid resembling android, ovoid
- -ology the study of biology, geology, theology
- -or condition, state, a person doing an action candor, elevator, governor, major, minor, sensor, terror, valor
- -ose having the quality of comatose, verbose
- -ous characterized by adventurous, aqueous, curious, dangerous, generous, mountainous
- -ship denoting a condition, quality, skill or group companionship, citizenship, fellowship, workmanship, membership
- -tude in the state of fortitude, multitude, solitude
- -ure an action or process, a collective exposure, legislature, procedure, scripture
- -y full of, denoting a condition, or a diminutive glory, hungry, messy, jealousy, sleepy, victory
Noun
- -age action or process marriage, voyage, pilgrimage
- -ence state or quality of violence, absence, reticence
- -ant one who servant, immigrant, assistant
- -arium place for aquarium, planetarium, auditorium
- -tion state or quality of starvation, inspiration, tension
- -cy state or quality of accuracy, bankruptcy, conspiracy
- -dom state or quality of freedom, boredom, wisdom
- -eer person engineer, puppeteer, auctioneer
- -ectomy surgical removal of tonsillectomy, appendectomy
- -ent one who superintendent, resident, regent
- -eur one who chauffeur, masseur
- -hood state or quality of childhood, falsehood, neighborhood
- -i plural alumni, foci, syllabi
- -ism doctrine of capitalism, socialism, patriotism
- -wright one who works with playwright, shipwright
- -ology study of biology, etymology, psychology
Adjective
- -able Is, can be comfortable, durable, perishable
- -acious inclined to be audacious, loquacious, spacious
- -ant inclined to be vigilant, pleasant, defiant
- -ative inclined to be demonstrative, talkative, pejorative
- -ic characteristic of comic, poetic, historic
- -y characteristic of fruity, sunny, chewy
Verb
- -ble repeated action stumble, squabble, mumble
- -ed past tense wanted, hated, looted
- -en made of strengthen, fasten, frighten
- -ify to make terrify, falsify, vilify
-ize to make standardize, computerize, pulverize
Adverb
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